There are many initiatives utilized by the Indianapolis Fire Department to prevent injury and illness which include an operational safety officer program, participation in the Wellness-­Fitness Initiative, Physical Fitness Evaluations, and Work Performance Evaluations. The problem was that the job-related injuries and illnesses have not decreased over the past 10 years despite a health and safety program being in place at the Indianapolis Fire Department. The purpose of this research was to identify why the current health and safety program is not causing reductions to the injury and illness rate. The evaluative research method was used to answer four questions that frame this study: (1) What are the national job-related injury and illness rates? (2) What steps have other fire departments taken to reduce job-related injuries and illnesses? (3) What are the predominate types of injuries and illnesses occurring in Indianapolis? (4) What are the rates of job-related injuries and illnesses in Indianapolis? A literature review was conducted to identify data collection methods and national trends by industry, occupation, and region along with job-related injury and illness reduction measures. Research questions were answered by evaluating data obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor and the National Fire Protection Association along with comparative analysis to Indianapolis Fire Department data. A survey was conducted of ten large, urban fire departments similar in size to the Indianapolis Fire Department to identify individual practices. The results from this applied research project verified the issue and provided direction for establishing injury and illness reduction measures. It was recommended that the department invest in health and safety by creating a health and wellness center, improving the quality of physical fitness programs, and influencing positively the culture and attitudes to health and safety.